When it comes to combating climate change, kelp may not be the first hero that comes to mind. But this humble ocean plant is quietly creating waves-literally and figuratively- in our fight to reduce greenhouse gases. To understand why seaweed is such a big deal, we first need to consider two key ideas: carbon sequestration and carbon storage. 

so, what is carbon sequestration?

Imagine nature has a huge vacuum cleaner designed to draw carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. That is carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration involves absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in biomass, such as trees, soil, or seaweed. CO2 is a major contributor to climate change, making this process crucial. There are a couple of different ways this process can occur. It happens most naturally when carbon is sequestered through photosynthesis where plants absorb the CO2 and use it to grow. Alternatively, humans can use machines that capture CO2 directly from the air or from industrial sources like power plants. However, the second method, while feasible, is not widely adopted due to the cost and energy requirements to implement. 

what about carbon storage?

If sequestration is vacuuming up the CO2, storage is like locking the CO2 away. Carbon storage aims to limit the impact of greenhouse gasses and reduce global warming by storing CO2 out of the atmosphere. This process can take place in a variety of different ways, the first one being through soil storage. When plants die and decompose, some of the CO2 remains in the soil as organic matter, where it can stay for a very long time. Forests are among the most effective eco systems for carbon storage. Forests and wet land serve as “carbon sinks,” absorbing more carbon than they emit, reducing the quantity of carbon in the atmosphere. Preserving and restoring forests not only helps store CO2 but also prevents the release of stored carbon from deforestation. 

how does kelp farming play a role?

Kelp farming contributes significantly to carbon sequestration by absorbing and storing CO2 from the atmosphere. Kelp absorbs CO2 during photosynthesis as it grows. When grown on a large scale, kelp farms have the potential to remove significant amounts of carbon from the ocean and the atmosphere. Kelp’s rapid growth allows it to absorb carbon at a considerably higher rate than land plants. In addition to collecting CO2, kelp can help with long-term carbon storage. As natural kelp beds grow and eventually decay, some of the CO2 they carry sinks to the ocean floor, potentially storing it for centuries. Also, healthy kelp forests help to maintain ocean ecosystems by supporting biodiversity and minimizing the effects of ocean acidification. If you're interested in learning more about the benefits of kelp farming check out our blog post: How Is Kelp Farmed? benefits, methods, and challenges of kelp farming in maine.

Seaweed is a great example of how nature can provide innovative solutions to some of the most pressing challenges. It captures CO2, restores ocean habitats, and supports sustainable industries, making it a key player in creating a healthier planet. As we continue to explore its potential, seaweed reminds us that even the smallest resources can have a significant influence. Embracing ideas like this not only helps to protect the environment, but also gives hope for a more sustainable future.